UV Papers & Publications

January 30, 2015

20 Jan 2015 Editor's Note:

Please use this thread to post references to journal papers and other publications about UV topics which you have found useful or interesting. We are not looking for exhaustive lists, only papers which you have enjoyed, used or referenced.

Eventually I will sort them out by topic - bee vision, conical cells, animal vision and so forth.

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There is, of course, an abundance of scientific research touching on UV topics.

Here are some of the papers I have learned from.

Chittka L & Kevan PG (2005) Flower colour as advertisement. Practical Pollination Biology. pp. 157-158

Full text: http://chittkalab.sb...aKevan05new.PDF

Notes:

Singling out UV reflections is improper in studies of pollination.

Ignoring the nature of the colours of the backgrounds against which flowers are presented is improper.

Floral colours should be considered with:

Animal's colour vision system
Flower's background colour
Flower/background contrast
Visual, olfactory or other cues
Presence & exposure of rewards
Other co-flowering species

Chittka, L., Shmida, A., Troje, N., & Menzel, R. (1994) Ultraviolet as a component of flower reflections, and the colour perception of Hymenoptera. Vision Research, 34, 1489-1508.

Notes:

Bee perceptual colour space is trichromatic
with peaks of UV @ 345nm, blue @440nm, green @535nm.
Bee colours are: UV, UV-blue, blue, blue-green, green, UV-green.
Bees have two opponent channels.
Bees see foliage as uncoloured.
Bees do not discriminate brightness, i.e., they don't see black & white.

1063 petals from 573 flower species were studied.
68% of the flowers were UV-absorbing.
There are no cyan flowers or UV-reflective black flowers.
Green flowers are very rare (i.e., red-absorbtion is very rare in flowers).
Most blue flowers have a red component.
Orange or brown flowers were not included in the study.

Chittka, L. & Waser, N.M. (1997). Why red flowers are not invisible for bees. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 45: 169-183 (with commentary in TREE).

Whitney HM, Bennett KM, Dorling M, Sandbach L, Prince D, Chittka L, and Glover BJ (2011) Why do so many petals have conical epidermal cells? Annals of Botany 108: 609-616

Full text: http://chittkalab.sb...20Ann%20Bot.pdf

Whitney, H.M., Kolle, M., Andrew, P., Chittka L., Steiner U. & Glover B.J. (2009). Response to Comment on “Floral Iridescence, Produced by Diffractive Optics, Acts As a Cue for Animal Pollinators” Science, 325: 1072.

Full text: http://chittkalab.sb...eReply_2009.pdf

Whitney, H.M., Kolle, M., Andrew, P., Chittka L., Steiner, U. & Glover B.J. (2009). Floral Iridescence, Produced by Diffractive Optics, Acts As a Cue for Animal Pollinators. Science, 323: 130-133.

Full text: http://chittkalab.sb...cience_2009.pdf

Summary: Bees can see iridescence and it enhances target detectability.

Ehlers BK, Olesen JM and Ågren J (2002) Floral morphology and reproductive success in the orchid Epipactis helleborine: regional and local across-habitat variation. Plant Systematics and Evolution.

Full text: http://mit.biology.a...20Evol%2002.pdf

Gorton, HL and Vogelmann, TC (1996) Effects of Epidermal Cell Shape and Pigmentation on Optical Properties of Anfirrhinum Petals at Visible and Ultraviolet Wavelengths. Plant Physiol. 112: 879-888.

Full text: http://www.google.co...9,d.dmQ&cad=rja

Thompson WR, Meinwald J, Aneshansley D, Eisner T (1972) Flavonols: pigments responsible for ultraviolet absorption in nectar guide of flower. Science 177: 528-530.

Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm..../pubmed/5050486

Schlangen et al. (2009) Formation of UV-honey guides in Rudbeckia hirta. Phytochemistry 70: 889-898.

Abstract: http://www.sciencedi...031942209001708

January 30, 2015

Andersson, S. 1996. Bright ultraviolet coloration in the Asian Whistling Thrushes (Myiophonus spp.). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 263: 843-848.

Andersson, S. & Amundsen, T. 1997. Ultraviolet colour vision and ornamentation in Bluethroats. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 264: 1587-1591.

Andersson, S., Örnborg, J. & Andersson, M. 1998. Ultraviolet sexual dimorphism and assortative mating in blue tits. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 265: 445-450.

Avery, J.A., Bowmaker, J.K., Djamgoz, M.B.A. & Downing, J.E.G. 1983. UV sensitive receptors in a fresh-water fish. Journal of Physiology, London 334: 23-24.

Bennett, A.T.D., Cuthill, I.C., Partridge, J.C., 1996. Ultraviolet vision and mate choice in zebra finches. Nature 380, 433–435.

Bennett, A.T.D., Cuthill, I.C., Partridge, J.C., 1997. Ultraviolet plumage colors predict mate preferences in starlings. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 8618–8621.

Bennett, A.T.D. & Cuthill, I.C. 1994. Ultraviolet vision in birds: what is its function? Vision Research 34: 1471-1478.

Bowmaker, J.K. 1991a. The evolution of vertebrate visual pigments and photoreceptors. In: J. R. Cronly-Dillon & R. L. Gregory (eds) Vision and visual dysfunction. Vol. 2; Boston; CRC Press Inc.: 63-81.

Brunton, C. F. A. and Majerus, M. E. N. (1995). Ultraviolet colours in butterflies: intra- or inter-specific communication? Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 260, 199–204

Burkhardt, D., 1982. Birds, berries and UV. Naturwissenschaften 69,153–157.

Burkhardt, D. 1996. Ultraviolet perception by bird eyes and some implications. Naturwissenschaften 83: 492-497.

Chen, D.M., Collins, J. S. & Goldsmith, T.H. 1984. The ultraviolet receptor of bird retinas. Science 225: 337-340.

Chen, D.M. & Stark, W.S. 1994. Electroretinographic analysis of ultraviolet sensitivity in juvenile and adult goldfish retinas. Vision Research 34: 2941-2944.

Chittka, L., Shmida, A., Troje, N. & Menzel, R. 1994. Ultraviolet as a component of flower reflections, and the colour perception of hymenoptera. Vision Research 34: 1489-1508.

Chittka, L. & Waser, N.M. 1997. Why red flowers are not invisible to bees. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 45: 169-183.

Church, S.C., Bennett, A.T.D., Cuthill, I.C., Hunt, S., Hart, N.S. & Partridge, J.C. 1998. Does lepidopteran larval crypsis extend into the ultraviolet? Naturwissenchaften : in press.

Cuthill, I.C., Partridge, J.C. & Bennett, A.T.D. 1999. UV vision and its functions in birds. In: Adams, N.J. & Slotow, R.H. (eds) Proc. 22 Int. Ornithol. Congr., Durban: 2743-2758. Johannesburg: BirdLife South Africa.

Derim-Oglu, E.N. & Maximov, V.V. 1994. Small passerines can discriminate ultraviolet surface colors. Vision Research 34: 1535-1539.

Douglas, RH, Jeffery G The spectral transmission of ocular media suggests ultraviolet sensitivity is widespread among mammals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 01/2014; 281(1780):20132995.

Eisner, T., Silberglied, R.E., Aneshansley, D., Carrell, J.E. & Howland, H.C. 1969. Ultraviolet video viewing: the television camera as an insect eye. Science 166: 1172-1174.

Emmerton, J. & Delius, J.D. 1980. Wavelength discrimination in the "visible" and UV spectrum by pigeons. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 141: 47-52.

Fratzer, C., Dorr, S. & Neumeyer, C. 1994. Wavelength discrimination of the goldfish in the ultraviolet spectral range. Vision Research 34: 1515-1520.

Goldsmith, T.H. 1980. Hummingbirds see near ultraviolet light. Science 207: 786-788.

Goldsmith, T.H. 1994. Ultraviolet receptors and color-vision: evolutionary implications and a dissonance of paradigms. Vision Research 34: 1479-1487.

Griswold, M.S. & Stark, W.S. 1992. Scotopic spectral sensitivity of phakic and aphakic observers extending into the near ultraviolet. Vision Research 32: 1739-1743.

Giurfa, Nuñez, Chittka, Menzel. 1995. Colour preferences of flower-naive honeybees. J Comp Physiol A 177: 247-259

Hárosi, F.I. & Hashimoto, Y. 1983. Ultraviolet pigments in a vertebrate: A tetrachromatic cone system in the dace. Science 222: 1021-1023.

Hunt, S., Bennett, A.T.D., Cuthill, I.C. & Griffiths, R. 1998. Blue tits are ultraviolet tits. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 265: 451-455.

Hunt, S., Cuthill, I.C., Swaddle, J.P. & Bennett, A.T.B. 1997. Ultraviolet vision and band colour preferences in female zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata. Animal Behaviour 54: 1383-1392.

Jacobs, G. H. (1992). Ultraviolet vision in vertebrates. Am. Zool. 32, 544–554.

Jacobs, G. H., Neitz, J. and Deegan, J. F. (1991). Retinal receptors in rodents maximally sensitive to ultraviolet light. Nature 353, 655–656.

Knüttel, H. and Fiedler, K. (2001). On the use of UV wing patterns in butterfly morphology and systematics. J. Lepid. Soc. (in press).

Kodric-Brown, A., & Johnson, S.C. (2002). Ultraviolet reflectance patterns of male guppies enhance their attractiveness to females, Animal Behaviour, 63(2), 391-396.

Koivula, M., Korpimaki, E. & Viitala, J. 1997. Do Tengmalm's owls see vole scent marks visible in ultraviolet light? Animal Behaviour 54: 873-877.

Kühn, A. (1924). Zum Nachweiss des Farbunterscheidungsvermögen der Bienen. Naturwissenschaften 12, 116.

Kühn, A. (1927). Über den Farbensinn der Bienen. Z. Vergl. Physiol. 5, 762–800

Jacobs, G.H. 1992. Ultraviolet vision in vertebrates. American Zoologist 32: 544-554.

Ma, J.-X., Kono, M., Xu, L., Das, J., Ryan, J.C., Hazard, E.S., Oprian, D.D.,Crouch, R.K., 2001. Salamander UV cone pigment: Sequence, expression, and spectral properties. Vis. Neurosci. 18, 393–399

Maier, E.J. 1992. Spectral sensitivities including the ultraviolet of the passeriform bird Leiothrix lutea. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 170: 709-714.

Maier, E.J. 1993. To deal with the invisible: on the biological significance of ultraviolet sensitivity in birds. Naturwissenschaften 80: 476-478.

Palacios, A.G. & Varela, F.J. 1992. Color mixing in the pigeon (Columba livia). 2. A psychophysical determination in the middle, short and near-UV wavelength range. Vision Research 32: 1947-1953.

Parrish, J.W., Ptacek, J.A. & Will, K.L. 1984. The detection of near-ultraviolet light by nonmigratory and migratory birds. Auk 101: 53-58.

Pohl, H. 1992. Ultraviolet radiation: a zeitgeber for the circadian clock in birds. Naturwissenschaften 79: 227-229.

Radwan, J. 1993. Are dull birds still dull in UV? Acta Ornithologica 27: 125-130.

Raven, P.H. 1972. Why are bird-visited flowers predominately red? Evolution 76: 674.

Sharma, V. K., Singaravel, M. and Subbaraj, R. (1999). Ultraviolet light-induced phase response curve for the locomotor activity rhythm of the field mouse Mus booduga. Naturwissenschaften 86, 96–97.

Shi, Y., Radlwimmer, F.B., Yokoyama, S., 2001. Molecular genetics and the evolution of ultraviolet vision in vertebrates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 11731–11736

Silberglied, R.E. 1979. Communication in the ultraviolet. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics 10: 373-398.

Stark, W.S. 1987. Photopic sensitivities to ultraviolet and visible wavelengths and the effects of the macular pigments in human aphakic observers. Current Eye Research 6: 631-638.

Tovée, M. J.(1995). Ultra-violet photoreceptors in the animal kingdom: Their distribution and function.Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 455–460.

Viitala, J., Korpimaki, E., Palokangas, P. & Koivula, M. 1995. Attraction of kestrels to vole scent marks visible in ultraviolet light. Nature 373: 425-427.

Vos Hzn, J.J., Coemans, M.A.J M. & Nuboer, J.F.W. 1994. The photopic sensitivity of the yellow field of the pigeon's retina to ultraviolet light. Vision Research 34: 1419-1425.

Wilkie, S.E., Vissers, P.M.A.M., Das, D., DeGrip, W.J., Bowmaker, J.C. & Hunt, D.M. 1998. The molecular basis for UV vision in birds: spectral characteristics, cDNA sequence and retinal localization of the UV-sensitive visual pigment of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Biochemical Journal 330: 541-547.

Wilkie, S.E., Robinson, P.R., Cronin, T.W., Poopalasundaram, S., Bowmaker, J.K., Hunt, D.M., 2000. Spectral tuning of avian violet- and ultraviolet-sensitive visual pigments. Biochemistry 39, 7895–7901

Willson, M.F. & Whelan, C.J. 1989. Ultraviolet reflectance of fruits of vertebrate-dispersed plants. Oikos 55: 341-348.

Wolff, H. (1925). Das Farbunterscheidungsvermögen der Elritze. Z. Vergl. Physio. 3, 279-329.

Yokoyama, S., Shi, Y., 2000. Genetics and evolution of ultraviolet vision in vertebrates. FEBS Lett. 486, 167–172

Yokoyama, S., Radlwimmer, F.B., Kawamura, S., 1998. Regeneration of ultraviolet pigments of vertebrates. FEBS Lett 423, 155–158

Yokoyama, S., Radlwimmer, F.B., Blow, N.S., 2000. Ultraviolet pigments in birds evolved from violet pigments by a single amino acid change. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 7366–7371

York Winter, Jorge López & Otto von Helversen Ultraviolet vision in a bat. Nature, vol. 425, p. 612-614, 2003

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Iridescence in Peacock Feathers: http://adeline-loyau...Iridescence.pdf

January 30, 2015

If you REALLY want to know about bee-vision you MUST read Horridge

What does the honeybee see? Adrian Horridge

http://press.anu.edu.au/titles/honeybee_citation/pdf-download/

list of many publications

http://adrian-horridge.org/

January 31, 2015

Dave, thank you so much !!

I started reading the Horridge book and I am fascinated.

I also find it simply wonderful that bees can be trained. Dear little bees !!

January 31, 2015

The Anti-Intuitive Visual System of the Honey Bee by A. Horridge

In this paper by Horridge, he observes that honeybees really do not discriminate colour as we humans do.

So our colour models of bee vision are a bit off the mark if the bee cannot "see" large colour shapes. :D

The neuron properties are more suitable to detect line-labelled modulation than a tonic, maintained photon flux. None of that seems to be adapted to the discrimination of colour as a palette of persistent sensations. Moreover, within the optic lobe there is no sign of the colour triangle, or of neurons that could discriminate between colours. The spatial fields for colour-coded neurons are large, which implies that they are adapted to quantitative measurement of a summed mixture, region by region, but not the identification of the original inputs. The new results imply that much old work will have to be revised, for example the effect of the colour of the illumination upon another colour, and the discrimination of large areas of colour. The part played by the UV receptors is little understood.

Abundant positive evidence that shapes and local layout are not recognized.

line-labelled = signal from stimulation of a particular receptor is transmitted over particular pathways to particular parts of the nervious system

modulation = process of facilitating the transmission of signals over a transmission pathway (carrier).

signal = lightwave/intensity

carrier = optic nerves

modulation = conversion of lightwave/intensity into nerve impulses; neurotransmitters released enable cortex identification.

tonic = describes a maintained response to constant photon flux

For Bees: Modulation is a measure of the flicker induced at the eye by motion of the bee relative to the total contrast in a local region of the eye. Modulation is the highest priority cue.

See also:

How Animals See the World: Comparative Behavior, Biology and Evolution of Vision

Edited by Lazareva, Shimizu, Wasserman. Oxford University Press, 2012.

Chapter 10: Visual Discrimination by the Honeybee (Apis mellifera)

By Adrian Horridge

Far from being a pattern perception device, bee vision destroys the pattern in the image and replaces it by the layout of a few labels. This is the sparse code for a small brain.

Bee vision is a set of coincidences.......

(Bee) vision is not a separated modality, as it is in humans, for there are neurons that respond to other modalities in the bee optic lobe, and the visual cues are linked to odors and the time of day.

Orientation detectors: detect contrast and respond to edges of a particular orientation. At least 3 types which are colorblind, green sensitive and do not distinguish between black-white and white-black edges.

Modulation detectors: receive excitation from both blue and green receptors; have better resolution than oientation detectors.

Tonic color channels: peaks in UV, blue and green. Measure areas and intensities of color.

Local motion detectors: respond to successive modulation of 2 or more adjacent receptors; detect direction of motion of contrasts; green-sensitive, colorblind.

January 31, 2015

In another paper he points out that the bee compound eye contains a line of dorsal cells which point up to the sky and detect polarised UV radiation to give a sort of "sky compass" to navigate by.

Wonderful stuff.

Dave

February 1, 2015

"So our colour models of bee vision are a bit off the mark if the bee cannot "see" large colour shapes"

-- howerver, scientitists can train bees to distinguish a blue square, vs. a blue circle, or blue triangle....of course their size is relatively small (about 1-3").

February 1, 2015

It is all very interesting, Zach.

I was paraphrasing Horridge. But I certainly know nothing in depth about bee vision !! :)

Here is another fascinating paper.

What insects do not see: an experimentum crucis.

Adrian Horridge, FAA, FRS.

Research School of biological Sciences

Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia

http://adrian-horrid...hort-review.pdf

[it] is impossible to demonstrate that bees detect objects, shapes and patterns, even when trained to come to them for a reward. The difficulty is that when they learn to recognize them, we can never rule out that they detect and remember only a part of the whole.

Given two different patterns, they may learn nothing more than the difference in the positions of the centres of an area of black or colour, but never the shape.

Objects, shapes, or patterns are not perceived, as we understand the term; to the bees, they are sources of parameters.

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